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1. skull
base--measured between the roots of the two
front teeth (incisors) to the back of the skull or brain
2. incisive bone--distance from the incisors to the midpoint between the canine teeth 3. facial length--distance from the incisors to the midpoint between the first molar teeth 4. left mandible (l. mandible)--measured from the lower jaw incisors to the end of the jaw bone on the left (at the joint) 5. right mandible (r. mandible)--the same measurement taken on the right side of the jaw 6. skull width--the widest distance connecting the zygomatic arches ("cheek bones") 7. brain length--distance across the brain from front to back surface 8. brain width--distance across the brain at the widest point (which corresponds with the "cheek bone" connecting to skull) 9. mastoid--distance between the mastoid processes, two sites for muscle attachments 10. jugular--distance between the jugular processes, again sites for muscle attachments 11. hamulus--small width in the middle of the skull used as a comparison to skull width 12. C1 and C2--the sum of the heights of the first two cervical vertebrae: the atlas and the axis 13. atlas width--distance across the first cervical vertebra taken between two points closely associated with the skull 14. axis width--distance across the second cervical vertebra at the narrowest region 15. C3--height of the third cervical vertebra 16. C4--height of the fourth cervical vertebra 17. outer jaw--external distance across the mandible at the first molar teeth 18. inner jaw--internal distance across the mandible along the "outer jaw" measurement |
